woensdag 25 april 2012

Harvard: Journals Too Expensive, Switch To Open Access

OK, so Harvard can't afford it but KU Leuven can?

 
 

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per Slashdot autorius Soulskill 12.4.24

New submitter microcars writes "Harvard recently sent a memo to faculty saying, 'We write to communicate an untenable situation facing the Harvard Library. Many large journal publishers have made the scholarly communication environment fiscally unsustainable and academically restrictive. This situation is exacerbated by efforts of certain publishers (called "providers") to acquire, bundle, and increase the pricing on journals.' The memo goes on to describe the situation in more detail and suggests options to faculty and students for the future that includes submitting articles to open-access journals. If Harvard paves the way with this, how long until other academic bodies follow suit and cut off companies such as Elsevier?"

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vrijdag 20 april 2012

Is Psychology About to Come Undone?

 
 

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The Chronicle of Higher Education:

If you're a psychologist, the news has to make you a little nervous—particularly if you're a psychologist who published an article in 2008 in any of these three journals: Psychological Science, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, or the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

Because, if you did, someone is going to check your work. A group of researchers have already begun what they've dubbed the Reproducibility Project, which aims to replicate every study from those three journals for that one year. The project is part of Open Science Framework, a group interested in scientific values, and its stated mission is to "estimate the reproducibility of a sample of studies from the scientific literature." This is a more polite way of saying "We want to see how much of what gets published turns out to be bunk."

Read the whole story: The Chronicle of Higher Education


 
 

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dinsdag 10 april 2012

The effect of contour closure on shape recognition. Patrick Garrigan

 
 

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via Perception by Pion on 4/10/12

Recent research on the Gestalt principle of closure has focused on how the presence of closure affects the ability to detect contours hidden in cluttered visual arrays. Some of the earliest research on closure, however, dealt with encoding and recognizing closed and open shapes, rather than detection. This research re-addresses the relation between closure and shape memory, focusing on how contour closure affects the ability to learn to recognize novel contour shapes. Of particular interest is whether closed contour shapes are easier to learn to recognize and, if so, whether this benefit is due to better encoding of closed contour shapes or easier comparison of closed contour shapes to already learned shapes. The results show that closed contours are indeed easier to recognize and, further, that this advantage appears to be related to better encoding.

 
 

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An early history of the Gestalt factors of organisation. Stefano Vezzani, Ba...

 
 

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via Perception by Pion on 4/10/12

Wertheimer's (1923, Psychologische Forschung 4 301 – 350) idea that the perceptual world is articulated according to factors of organisation is widely acknowledged as one of the most original contributions of Gestalt psychology and stands as a milestone in the history of vision research. An inquiry focused on the forerunners of some of Wertheimer's factors of perceptual organisation is documented here. In fact, in 1900 Schumann described grouping by proximity and by vertical symmetry, and in 1903 G E Müller identified the factors of sameness/similarity and contour. Other authors contributed to the early description of these factors, such as Rubin, who in 1922 originally illustrated grouping by similarity. Even though Wertheimer himself granted these authors due recognition, later psychologists have paid little attention to their contributions. Some possible reasons for this negligence are briefly discussed.
Keywords: Gestalt factors, perceptual organisation, principles of organisation, history of psychology, common region principle.

 
 

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Structural Salience and the Nonaccidentality of a Gestalt.


Structural Salience and the Nonaccidentality of a Gestalt.
Strother, Lars; Kubovy, Michael
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Apr 9 , 2012, No Pagination Specified. doi: 10.1037/a0027939

Abstract



We perceive structure through a process of perceptual organization. Here we report a new perceptual organization phenomenon—the facilitation of visual grouping by global curvature. Observers viewed patterns that they perceived as organized into collections of curves. The patterns were perceptually ambiguous such that the perceived orientation of the patterns varied from trial to trial. When patterns were sufficiently dense and proximity was equated for the predominant perceptual alternatives, observers tended to perceive the organization with the greatest curvature. This effect is tantamount to visual grouping by maximal curvature and thus demonstrates an unprecedented effect of global structure on perceptual organization. We account for this result with a model that predicts the perceived organization of a pattern as function of its nonaccidentality, which we define as the probability that it could have occurred by chance. Our findings demonstrate a novel relationship between the geometry of a pattern and the visual salience of global structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


----
Krista Overvliet, PhD.
 
Laboratory of  Experimental Psychology
University of Leuven
Tiensestraat 102, bus 3711
Room 00.74
3000 Leuven
Belgium
 
phone: +3216326146
skype: kristaovervliet
krista.overvliet@gmail.com
krista.overvliet@ppw.kuleuven.be
http://web.me.com/krista.overvliet

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